Export the font without making any changes. (The original font uses Adobe-Identity-0.)
In some cases, exporting with Adobe-Japan-1 works, but the resulting font is often corrupted. This issue seems to occur with fonts containing a large number of glyphs.
It seems that the issue does not reliably occur when using SourceHanSerif-Regular.otf . Apologies for the confusion. For consistent reproduction, please use SourceHanSerif-ExtraLight.otf instead.
Why are you opening a compiled font in Glyphs? Use the .glyphs source files instead. No guarantees can be made for decompiled font binaries, you should never work from those.
It is a valid text to “roundtrip” fonts. But for practical purposes it is correct that it would be better to open the original source. But sometimes they rely on a custom build process that is difficult to replicate.
I had a look.
There was a small bug that I could fix (with writing out the locl feature). But there is another with eh tools that we use the write CID keyed fonts. It only allows 65000 glyphs per font (and not the full 65534). (The font and the tool is from Adobe, so it seems that they don’t use their own tools.)